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animi impetus

  • 1 impetus

    impĕtus ( inp-), ūs (dat. impetu, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 3; no gen. plur.; abl. impetibus, Lucr. 1, 293; v. also impes), m. [impeto], an attack, assault, onset (freq. and class.; in sing. and plur. equally common).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    incursio atque impetus armatorum,

    Cic. Caecin. 15, 44:

    gladiis destrictis in eos impetum fecerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 2:

    impetum facere in aliquem,

    id. ib. 1, 46 fin.; Hirt. B. G. 8, 18, 4:

    in agros,

    Liv. 1, 5, 4:

    ad regem,

    id. 1, 5, 7; cf.:

    in hostes,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 3:

    dare impetum in aliquem,

    Liv. 4, 28, 1; 2, 19, 7:

    capere impetum in aliquem,

    Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 91:

    hostes impetu facto celeriter nostros perturbaverunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 1:

    oppidum magno impetu oppugnare,

    id. ib. 2, 6:

    primo hostium impetu pulsi,

    id. ib. 2, 24, 1:

    impetus gladiorum excipere,

    id. ib. 1, 52, 4:

    impetum sustinere,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 4:

    ferre impetum,

    id. ib. 3, 19, 3:

    fracto impetu levissimi hominis,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2:

    impetum propulsare,

    id. Mur. 1, 2:

    nec primum quidem impetum, nec secundum, nec tertium, sustinere potuerunt,

    Flor. 3, 3, 4; Liv. 33, 36, 11:

    uno impetu,

    Curt. 8, 14, 18; Lact. 3, 26, 10; 5, 4, 1:

    coërcere,

    Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 180:

    aquarum domare,

    id. 31, 6, 31, § 58:

    nec tantum (cupiditates) in alios caeco impetu incurrunt, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 44.— Poet.: biformato impetu Centaurus, with double - shaped attack, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8 fin.; v. biformatus.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    In medic. lang., an attack of a disease, a fit, paroxysm:

    febris,

    Cels. 2, 15:

    pituitae,

    Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 183:

    coeliacorum,

    id. 20, 14, 53, § 148: oculorum, i. e. inflammation, id. 20, 3, 8, § 16:

    thymum e vino tumores et impetus tollit,

    id. 21, 21, 89, § 157; so absol., id. 22, 25, 58, § 122. —
    2.
    In mechanics, the pressure of a load, Vitr. 6, 3.—
    II.
    Transf., in gen. (without reference to an object), violent impulse, violent or rapid motion, impetus, impetuosity, violence, fury, vehemence, vigor, force.
    A.
    Physical: labitur uncta carina, volat super impetus undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.):

    in magno impetu maris atque aperto,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 8, 1:

    Hebri,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 59:

    impetus caeli,

    i. e. rapid motion, Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Lucr. 5, 200. — Hence also poet.: quieti corpus nocturno impetu Dedi, in the nocturnal revolution, i. e. in the night, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

    impetus ipse animaï Et fera vis venti,

    Lucr. 6, 591; cf.:

    tantos impetus ventorum sustinere,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6.—
    B.
    Mental, impulse, vehemence, ardor, passion, etc.
    (α).
    Sing.:

    repentino quodam impetu animi incitatus,

    internal pressure, impulse, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49; cf.:

    ut tota mente omnique animi impetu in rem publicam incumbas,

    id. Fam. 10, 5, 2; id. Att. 11, 5, 1:

    impetu magis quam consilio,

    Liv. 42, 29, 11:

    aliter in oratione nec impetus ullus nec vis esse potest,

    Cic. Or. 68, 229; cf.:

    ad omnem impetum dicendi,

    id. Deiot. 2, 5:

    actiones quae recitantur impetum omnem caloremque perdunt,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 2:

    resumere impetum fractum omissumque,

    id. ib. 7, 9, 6:

    adulescens impetus ad bella maximi,

    Vell. 2, 55, 2:

    est prudentis, sustinere ut currum sic impetum benevolentiae,

    Cic. Lael. 17, 63:

    divinus impetus,

    id. Div. 1, 49, 111:

    si ex hoc impetu rerum nihil prolatando remittitur,

    Liv. 37, 19, 5:

    donec impetus famae et favor exercitus languesceret,

    Tac. Agr. 39 fin.:

    est mihi per saevas impetus ire feras,

    I feel an impulse, Ov. H. 4, 38:

    Bessus occidendi protinus regis impetum ceperat,

    had formed a sudden purpose, Curt. 5, 12, 1:

    statim moriendi impetum cepit,

    Suet. Oth. 9.—

    Prov.: Da spatium tenuemque moram, male cuncta ministrat impetus,

    haste makes waste, Stat. Th. 10, 704 sq. —
    (β).
    Plur.:

    animalia, quae habent suos impetus et rerum appetitus,

    impulses, instincts, Cic. Off. 2, 3, 11:

    an fortitudo, nisi insanire coeperit, impetus suos non habebit?

    id. Tusc. 4, 22, 50:

    temperantia est rationis in libidinem atque in alios non rectos impetus animi firma et moderata dominatio,

    id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:

    insanos atque indomitos impetus vulgi cohibere,

    id. Rep. 1, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > impetus

  • 2 impetus (inp-)

        impetus (inp-) ūs, m    [1 in+PET-], an attack, assault, onset: armatorum: impetum facere in curiam, S.: ad regem, L.: hostes impetu facto nostros perturbaverunt, Cs.: impetum sustinere, Cs.: terrere eum impetu, S.: me in hos impetūs obicere: continenti impetu, without a pause, Cs. —An impulse, rapid motion, impetus, impetuosity, violence, fury, rush, vehemence, vigor, force: eo impetu milites ierunt, ut, etc., Cs.: fugati terrore ipso impetuque hostium, Cs.: caeli, i. e. rapid motion: illam (navem) fert impetus ipse volantem, V.: quieti corpus nocturno impetu Dedi, i. e. in the night, Att. ap. C.: tantos impetūs ventorum sustinere, Cs.— Fig., impulse, vehemence, ardor, passion: repentino quodam impetu animi incitatus: impetu magis quam consilio, L.: in oratione: divinus: si ex hoc impetu rerum nihil prolatando remittitur, L.: famae, Ta.: Est mihi impetus ire, I feel an impulse, O.: imperii delendi: animalia, quae habent suos impetūs, impulses: non recti impetūs animi: offensionis, i. e. freshness, Ta.

    Latin-English dictionary > impetus (inp-)

  • 3 impetus

    impetŭs, ūs, m. [in + peto] [st1]1 [-] mouvement qui pousse en avant, élan, impétuosité, mouvement violent, fougue, rapidité, violence.    - animalia quaedam impetum habent, Sen.: certains animaux peuvent se porter librement en avant.    - cursum habent quaedam (signa) et impetum, Quint.: certaines statues présentent l'attitude de personnes qui courent, qui se portent en avant.    - impetum capere: prendre son élan.    - impetum facere in aliquem, in aliquid: se jeter sur qqn, sur qqch.    - magno impetu tetendit ad Domitium, Caes. BC. 3: il marcha en toute hâte contre Domitius.    - magno impetu oppidum oppugnare: attaquer vivement une ville.    - impetus C. Gracchi, Tac.: la fougue de C. Gracchus.    - uno impetu potare, Plin.: vider (la coupe) d'un seul trait. [st1]2 [-] choc, charge, attaque violente, assaut, élan.    - impetum excipere (facere, sustinere, ferre): soutenir une attaque (un assaut).    - impetum alicujus reprimere (frangere, retardare): réprimer l'élan de qqn.    - primo impetu, Caes.: au premier choc.    - continenti impetu, Caes.: d'un élan soutenu.    - fit impetus, Cic.: on se précipite. [st1]3 [-] accès, crise, paroxysme (d'une maladie).    - impetus febris, Cels.: paroxysme de la fièvre.    - impetus podagrae, Plin.: attaque de goutte.    - impetus pituitae in facie, Plin.: éruption de pustules au visage. [st1]4 [-] mouvement rapide, violence (des flots, du vent, de la flamme), cours rapide, pression (d'un poids), vivacité.    - magno impetu erumpentes fluvii, Sen.: fleuves roulant avec une grande impétuosité. [st1]5 [-] violence (d'une passion), élan, enthousiasme, vif désir, envie, fougue, emportement; instincts (au plur.).    - Bessus occidendi protinus regis impetum ceperat, Curt.: Bessus avait conçu l'affreux dessein de tuer sur-le-champ le roi.    - impetus est mihi + inf. Ov.: j'ai le vif désir de, je brûle de, il me tarde de.    - cum indomitos impetus volgi cohibere non possit, Cic. Rep. 1: puisqu'on ne peut contenir les emportements sans frein de la foule.    - da spatium tenuemque moram, male cuncta ministrat impetus, Stat.: diffère un moment, la précipitation est un guide funeste.    - animalia, quae habent suos impetus, Cic. Off. 2: les animaux qui ont leurs propres instincts. [st1]6 [-] inspiration, enthousiasme.    - divinus impetus, Cic.: élan divin, inspiration divine, enthousiasme sacré.    - sacer impetus: élan divin, enthousiasme sacré.
    * * *
    impetŭs, ūs, m. [in + peto] [st1]1 [-] mouvement qui pousse en avant, élan, impétuosité, mouvement violent, fougue, rapidité, violence.    - animalia quaedam impetum habent, Sen.: certains animaux peuvent se porter librement en avant.    - cursum habent quaedam (signa) et impetum, Quint.: certaines statues présentent l'attitude de personnes qui courent, qui se portent en avant.    - impetum capere: prendre son élan.    - impetum facere in aliquem, in aliquid: se jeter sur qqn, sur qqch.    - magno impetu tetendit ad Domitium, Caes. BC. 3: il marcha en toute hâte contre Domitius.    - magno impetu oppidum oppugnare: attaquer vivement une ville.    - impetus C. Gracchi, Tac.: la fougue de C. Gracchus.    - uno impetu potare, Plin.: vider (la coupe) d'un seul trait. [st1]2 [-] choc, charge, attaque violente, assaut, élan.    - impetum excipere (facere, sustinere, ferre): soutenir une attaque (un assaut).    - impetum alicujus reprimere (frangere, retardare): réprimer l'élan de qqn.    - primo impetu, Caes.: au premier choc.    - continenti impetu, Caes.: d'un élan soutenu.    - fit impetus, Cic.: on se précipite. [st1]3 [-] accès, crise, paroxysme (d'une maladie).    - impetus febris, Cels.: paroxysme de la fièvre.    - impetus podagrae, Plin.: attaque de goutte.    - impetus pituitae in facie, Plin.: éruption de pustules au visage. [st1]4 [-] mouvement rapide, violence (des flots, du vent, de la flamme), cours rapide, pression (d'un poids), vivacité.    - magno impetu erumpentes fluvii, Sen.: fleuves roulant avec une grande impétuosité. [st1]5 [-] violence (d'une passion), élan, enthousiasme, vif désir, envie, fougue, emportement; instincts (au plur.).    - Bessus occidendi protinus regis impetum ceperat, Curt.: Bessus avait conçu l'affreux dessein de tuer sur-le-champ le roi.    - impetus est mihi + inf. Ov.: j'ai le vif désir de, je brûle de, il me tarde de.    - cum indomitos impetus volgi cohibere non possit, Cic. Rep. 1: puisqu'on ne peut contenir les emportements sans frein de la foule.    - da spatium tenuemque moram, male cuncta ministrat impetus, Stat.: diffère un moment, la précipitation est un guide funeste.    - animalia, quae habent suos impetus, Cic. Off. 2: les animaux qui ont leurs propres instincts. [st1]6 [-] inspiration, enthousiasme.    - divinus impetus, Cic.: élan divin, inspiration divine, enthousiasme sacré.    - sacer impetus: élan divin, enthousiasme sacré.
    * * *
        Impetus, huius impetus, pen. corr. Plaut. Grand randon, Impetuosité, Vehemence, Effort, Envahie.
    \
        Primo impetu. Plin. iunior. Au premier assault, De la premiere envahie, De la premiere poincte.
    \
        Impetus animi. Plin. Cic. Vehemence de coeur.
    \
        Impetus pituitae. Celsus. Impetueuse fluxion de, etc.
    \
        Sceleratus impetus delendi imperii. Cic. Meschant vouloir et entreprinse de, etc.
    \
        Impetum capere in aliquem. Plin. Se jecter sur aucun de grande roideur.
    \
        Cepisse impetum Flauius ferebatur, in scena Neronem aggrediendi. Tacit. On disoit que Flavius fut une fois deliberé d'assaillir Nero, etc.
    \
        Contundere impetus alicuius. Horat. Rompre.
    \
        Impetum dare. Liu. Assaillir impetueusement, Donner dedens les ennemis, Courir de grand force et grand randon dedens les ennemis.
    \
        Impetum dare. Quintil. Esmouvoir, Inciter, Donner roideur et vigueur.
    \
        Impetum excipere. Caesar. Recevoir, Soustenir le choc.
    \
        Feros impetus exuere. Seneca. Laisser.
    \
        Impetum facere. Cic. Venir contre quelque chose de grande roideur, De toute sa force par maltalent.
    \
        Impetum facere in agros inimicorum. Liu. Faire ravage, Faire courses.
    \
        Impetum facere in bona et fortunas alicuius. Cic. Faire effort, Se fourrer és biens d'aucun.
    \
        Incurrere caeco impetu in aliquem. Cicero. Luy courir sus à l'estourdi, sans regarder comment, ne qu'il en adviendra.
    \
        Percellere impetu aliquem, et irruere in eum. Cic. Choquer contre aucun de grand randon et de grande force.
    \
        Fuit impetus illi in medios rogos ire. Ouid. Il s'efforcea, Il se mist en son effort de se jecter, etc. Il se delibera de, etc.
    \
        Sumere impetum. Quintil. Comme celuy qui recule pour mieulx saillir, Reprendre force et roideur.
    \
        Rex impetu animorum vtendum ratus, secunda vigilia castra mouit. Liu. Ce pendant qu'ils estoyent deliberez. B.
    \
        Impetus in oratione. Cic. Vehemence.
    \
        Impetu vno. Plin. Tribus congiis epotis vno impetu. Tout d'un coup, Tout d'un traict, D'une haleine.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > impetus

  • 4 impetus

    impetus, ūs, m. (impeto), das Vorwärtsdrängen, die vorwärts drängende od. -schießende Bewegung, I) im allg.: 1) eig.: animalia quaedam impetum habent, incedunt, transeunt, können sich frei vorwärts-, fortbewegen, Sen.: cursum habent quaedam (signa, Statuen) et impetum (haben eine laufende u. vorwärtsstrebende Stellung), sedent alia vel incumbunt, Quint. – 2) übtr.: a) der rasche Lauf eines Fahrzeuges, der Schuß, natantis impetus trabis, Catull.: quinqueremis praelata impetu, im Schusse vorbeifahrend, vorbeischießend, Liv. – b) der Umschwung eines Himmelskörpers, ingens caeli imp., Lucr.: impetum caeli admirabili cum celeritate moveri, Cic.: poet., quieti corpus nocturno impetu dedi, im Umschwung der Nacht, Acc. fr. – c) der Druck einer Last nach unten, die Schwere, magnum impetum habere, Vitr.: gravescit impetus, Lucr.

    II) insbes., das Ansetzen, der Anlauf, Aufschwung, A) eig.: 1) v. leb. Wesen: a) übh.: tum rursus impetu capto (angesetzt, ausgeholt) enituntur, Liv.: abiectis armis ultimas oppidi partes continenti impetu (in ununterbrochenem Anlaufe od. Laufe) petere, Caes.: uno impetu (in einem Zuge, auf einen Ansatz) epotare, Plin. – b) = ὁρμή, der feindliche Anlauf, das Andrängen, Anrennen, Anprallen, der Angriff, Anfall, Überfall, auf eine Person usw., multitudo terrebat eum clamore, voltu, saepe impetu, Sall.: ut eorum iratos animos atque horribiles impetus deprecetur, Cic.: in Pompeium impetum facere, den P. anfallen, Cic.: in bona alcis, in alcis bona fortunasque, in reliquas omnes fortunas impetum facere, herfallen über usw. (= gewaltsam in Beschlag nehmen), Cic.: fit impetus in alqm, Cic.: impetum alcis comprimere (zurückschlagen), Cic.: impetum morari, Curt. – als milit. t. t., ad primum impetum, Liv.: primo impetu pulsi, Caes.: cum primus secundusque impetus retudisset inferentem se ferociter hostem, Liv.: impetum facere in alqm, Caes. u.a., in agros, Liv.: impetum dare (machen), Liv.: impetum dare in alqm, in agrum Romanum, Liv.: impetum sustinere, ferre, Caes.: nec primum impetum barbarorum Silanus, nec secundum Manlius, nec tertium Caepio sustinere potuerunt, Flor.: impetum militum supprimere (Einhalt tun), Liv.: ubi in omnes partes nequiquam impetus capti, jeder Anlauf fehlschlug, Liv.: magna subsidia habet res publica expedita, quibus subito impetu (Dat.) ac latrocinio parricidarum resistat, Planc. in Cic. ep. 10, 24, 3. – 2) v. Lebl. = a) der gewaltige Andrang, die Gewalt, der Ungestüm, v. Flüssen, fluminis, Curt.: adversi fluminis (Ggstz. tranquillitas), Liv.: magno impetu erumpentes fluvii, Sen.; vgl. Burmann Phaedr. 3. prol. 59. – v. Meere, in magno impetu maris atque aperto, Caes. – v. Winden, tantos impetus ventorum (Stürme) sustineri, Caes. – v. Feuer, impetus ignis, die Gewalt des F., Lucr. – b) als mediz. t. t., impetus febris, der Paroxysmus, Cels.: podagrae, Anfall des P., Plin.: sanguinis, Blutsturz, Aur. Vict. – pituitae in facie, feuchter Ausschlag, Plin.: oculorum, entzündlicher Augenfluß, Plin.

    B) übtr.: 1) v. Pers.: a) der Schwung des Geistes, der Aufschwung, velut repetito spatio sumere impetum, Plin. ep.: resumere impetum fractum omissumque, Plin. ep.: ut aliter in ea (oratione) nec impetus (Schwung) ullus nec vis esse possit, Cic. – impetus divinus, göttliche Eingebung, Begeisterung, Enthusiasmus, Cic.: u. so impetus sacer, Ov.: u. calorem et impetum sequentes, Quint. – b) (wie ὁρμή), der Drang, Trieb, α) das drängende Verlangen, die Neigung, animi, Cic.: dicendi, Cic.: imperii delendi, Cic.: impetu rapi ad omnes affectus, Curt.: impetus est m. folg. Infin., ich habe Neigung, -Lust, trage Verlangen zu usw., Ov. u.a. Dichter (vgl. Ruhnken Ov. her. 4, 38). – β) der rasche Entschluß (Plan), impetum capere alcis rei, den raschen E. (Pl.), schnell den E. (Pl.) fassen zu usw., den kühnen Gedanken haben zu usw., occidendi regis, Curt., in scaena canentem Neronem aggrediendi, Tac., moriendi, Suet., expeditionis Germanicae, Suet. Vgl. Mützell Curt. 5, 12 (32), 1. – c) die Aufwallung des Gemütes, ut laetus primo gaudentium impetu fuerat, in der ersten Aufw. der Freude, im ersten Freudentaumel, Tac.: animus revolvens iras, etiam si impetus offensionis languerat, selbst wenn die Aufw. des gekränkten Gemütes vorüber war, Tac.: Plur., impetus acres, Tac.: impetus antiqui, altbiedere Aufwallungen, Tac. – d) der Ungestüm im Reden u. Handeln, C. Gracchi, Tac. dial.: multitudinis, der U., die Wut des Pöbels, Iustin.: impetu magis, quam consilio, Liv.: impetu potius bella quam perseverantiā gerere, Tac. – 2) v. Abstr., der Drang, Ungestüm, Sturm, tantus impetus cursusque rerum (der Ereignisse), Curt.: non minor impetus fortunae, Iustin.: tanti belli impetus, ein so gewaltiger Kriegssturm, Cic. – / Dat. Sing. impetu, Planc. in Cic. ep. 10, 24, 3 (s. oben no. II, A, 1, b); Dat. u. Abl. Plur. impetibus bis jetzt ohne Beleg, wenn man impetibus Lucr. 1, 293 als Abl. Plur. von impes u. nicht von impetus ansieht. Vgl. impes.

    lateinisch-deutsches > impetus

  • 5 impetus

    impetus, ūs, m. (impeto), das Vorwärtsdrängen, die vorwärts drängende od. -schießende Bewegung, I) im allg.: 1) eig.: animalia quaedam impetum habent, incedunt, transeunt, können sich frei vorwärts-, fortbewegen, Sen.: cursum habent quaedam (signa, Statuen) et impetum (haben eine laufende u. vorwärtsstrebende Stellung), sedent alia vel incumbunt, Quint. – 2) übtr.: a) der rasche Lauf eines Fahrzeuges, der Schuß, natantis impetus trabis, Catull.: quinqueremis praelata impetu, im Schusse vorbeifahrend, vorbeischießend, Liv. – b) der Umschwung eines Himmelskörpers, ingens caeli imp., Lucr.: impetum caeli admirabili cum celeritate moveri, Cic.: poet., quieti corpus nocturno impetu dedi, im Umschwung der Nacht, Acc. fr. – c) der Druck einer Last nach unten, die Schwere, magnum impetum habere, Vitr.: gravescit impetus, Lucr.
    II) insbes., das Ansetzen, der Anlauf, Aufschwung, A) eig.: 1) v. leb. Wesen: a) übh.: tum rursus impetu capto (angesetzt, ausgeholt) enituntur, Liv.: abiectis armis ultimas oppidi partes continenti impetu (in ununterbrochenem Anlaufe od. Laufe) petere, Caes.: uno impetu (in einem Zuge, auf einen Ansatz) epotare, Plin. – b) = ὁρμή, der feindliche Anlauf, das Andrängen, Anrennen, Anprallen, der Angriff, Anfall, Überfall, auf eine Person usw.,
    ————
    multitudo terrebat eum clamore, voltu, saepe impetu, Sall.: ut eorum iratos animos atque horribiles impetus deprecetur, Cic.: in Pompeium impetum facere, den P. anfallen, Cic.: in bona alcis, in alcis bona fortunasque, in reliquas omnes fortunas impetum facere, herfallen über usw. (= gewaltsam in Beschlag nehmen), Cic.: fit impetus in alqm, Cic.: impetum alcis comprimere (zurückschlagen), Cic.: impetum morari, Curt. – als milit. t. t., ad primum impetum, Liv.: primo impetu pulsi, Caes.: cum primus secundusque impetus retudisset inferentem se ferociter hostem, Liv.: impetum facere in alqm, Caes. u.a., in agros, Liv.: impetum dare (machen), Liv.: impetum dare in alqm, in agrum Romanum, Liv.: impetum sustinere, ferre, Caes.: nec primum impetum barbarorum Silanus, nec secundum Manlius, nec tertium Caepio sustinere potuerunt, Flor.: impetum militum supprimere (Einhalt tun), Liv.: ubi in omnes partes nequiquam impetus capti, jeder Anlauf fehlschlug, Liv.: magna subsidia habet res publica expedita, quibus subito impetu (Dat.) ac latrocinio parricidarum resistat, Planc. in Cic. ep. 10, 24, 3. – 2) v. Lebl. = a) der gewaltige Andrang, die Gewalt, der Ungestüm, v. Flüssen, fluminis, Curt.: adversi fluminis (Ggstz. tranquillitas), Liv.: magno impetu erumpentes fluvii, Sen.; vgl. Burmann Phaedr. 3. prol. 59. – v. Meere, in magno impetu maris atque aperto, Caes. – v. Winden, tantos
    ————
    impetus ventorum (Stürme) sustineri, Caes. – v. Feuer, impetus ignis, die Gewalt des F., Lucr. – b) als mediz. t. t., impetus febris, der Paroxysmus, Cels.: podagrae, Anfall des P., Plin.: sanguinis, Blutsturz, Aur. Vict. – pituitae in facie, feuchter Ausschlag, Plin.: oculorum, entzündlicher Augenfluß, Plin.
    B) übtr.: 1) v. Pers.: a) der Schwung des Geistes, der Aufschwung, velut repetito spatio sumere impetum, Plin. ep.: resumere impetum fractum omissumque, Plin. ep.: ut aliter in ea (oratione) nec impetus (Schwung) ullus nec vis esse possit, Cic. – impetus divinus, göttliche Eingebung, Begeisterung, Enthusiasmus, Cic.: u. so impetus sacer, Ov.: u. calorem et impetum sequentes, Quint. – b) (wie ὁρμή), der Drang, Trieb, α) das drängende Verlangen, die Neigung, animi, Cic.: dicendi, Cic.: imperii delendi, Cic.: impetu rapi ad omnes affectus, Curt.: impetus est m. folg. Infin., ich habe Neigung, -Lust, trage Verlangen zu usw., Ov. u.a. Dichter (vgl. Ruhnken Ov. her. 4, 38). – β) der rasche Entschluß (Plan), impetum capere alcis rei, den raschen E. (Pl.), schnell den E. (Pl.) fassen zu usw., den kühnen Gedanken haben zu usw., occidendi regis, Curt., in scaena canentem Neronem aggrediendi, Tac., moriendi, Suet., expeditionis Germanicae, Suet. Vgl. Mützell Curt. 5, 12 (32), 1. – c) die Aufwallung des Gemü-
    ————
    tes, ut laetus primo gaudentium impetu fuerat, in der ersten Aufw. der Freude, im ersten Freudentaumel, Tac.: animus revolvens iras, etiam si impetus offensionis languerat, selbst wenn die Aufw. des gekränkten Gemütes vorüber war, Tac.: Plur., impetus acres, Tac.: impetus antiqui, altbiedere Aufwallungen, Tac. – d) der Ungestüm im Reden u. Handeln, C. Gracchi, Tac. dial.: multitudinis, der U., die Wut des Pöbels, Iustin.: impetu magis, quam consilio, Liv.: impetu potius bella quam perseverantiā gerere, Tac. – 2) v. Abstr., der Drang, Ungestüm, Sturm, tantus impetus cursusque rerum (der Ereignisse), Curt.: non minor impetus fortunae, Iustin.: tanti belli impetus, ein so gewaltiger Kriegssturm, Cic. – ⇒ Dat. Sing. impetu, Planc. in Cic. ep. 10, 24, 3 (s. oben no. II, A, 1, b); Dat. u. Abl. Plur. impetibus bis jetzt ohne Beleg, wenn man impetibus Lucr. 1, 293 als Abl. Plur. von impes u. nicht von impetus ansieht. Vgl. impes.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > impetus

  • 6 impetus

    im-petus, ūs m. [ peto ]
    1) стремление (вперёд),напор, набег, натиск, наступление, нападение (propulsare impetum hostium C; facere impetum in aliquem Cs, C; sustinere impetum alicujus Cs); наплыв, стечение ( adversarum rerum Sen); тяготение вниз, тяжесть (gravescit i. Lcr)
    2) стремительность, сильное течение (maris Cs; flumĭnis QC, L); сила, порыв (ignis Lcr; ventorum Cs); полёт ( fulmĭnis Lcr); быстрое движение, резкий поворот (i. caeli Lcr, C)
    3) сильное желание, страсть (i. imperii delendi C)
    i. mihi est aliquid facere O etc. — мне чрезвычайно хочется что-л. сделать
    4)
    а) пламенность, пылкость, сила, увлечение, подъём (i. animi C; i. dicendi C; orationis C)
    б) ярость, страстность, горячность ( multitudinis Just)
    i. divīnus C (sacer O) — вдохновение, энтузиазм
    fluens impĕtu T — страстный, темпераментный
    5) мед. припадок, обострение (febris CC; tertiānae Pt); воспаление ( oculorum PM)

    Латинско-русский словарь > impetus

  • 7 Leidenschaft

    Leidenschaft, animi concitatio. animi impetus. stärker animi perturbatio. motus animi turbatus od. perturbatus (heftige Gemütsbewegung übh.). – animi prava contentio, auch bl. animi contentio (verkehrtes leidenschaftliches Streben). – cupiditas. libīdo (bes. sinnliche Neigung u. Luft, s. »Begierde« den genauern Untersch.). – magnum studium (großer Eifer). – studium flagrans (brennender Eifer). – temeritas (Unüberlegtheit, Leidenschaftlichkeit). – intemperantia (Mangel an Mäßigung, Zügellosigkeit, Ggstz. aequitas). – heftige L., vehemens animi impetus: die ungeregelten Leidenschaften, libidines: aus L., in der L., (animi) perturbatione incitatus; cupiditate incensus; animi pravā contentione provectus; ut erat furiosus (z.B. homo, ut erat furiosus, respondit): mit L., animi quodam impetu; studio flagranti: ohne L., s. leidenschaftslos: die L. der Menschen aufregen, animorum impetus impellere: in L. handeln, cupide agere: in L. etw. tun, impetu quodam trahi ad alqd: in der L. so weit gehen, studio sie efferri. – eine L. (Passion) für etw. haben, s. (leidenschaftlich) lieben.

    deutsch-lateinisches > Leidenschaft

  • 8 Begeisterung

    Begeisterung, inflammatio animi (Entflammung des Gemüts). – inflatus od. instinctus divinus. instinctus inflatusque od. afflatusque divinus. divina mentis incitatio et permotio. mentis incitatio et motus. inflammatio animi et quidam afflatus quasi furoris (Eingebung eines Gottes, letzteres im höhern Grade). – mens incitata. mens divinior. spiritus divinus. divinus impetus. aestus od. fervor ingenii. ardor animi. ardentis animi impetus. furor divinus oder (im Zshg.) bl. furor (der Zustand höherer Kraft des Gemüts od. Geistes; furor etc. (im höhern Grade). – studium ardens, ardentius (feuriger Eifer, für etwas, alcis rei). – admiratio, für jmd. od. etwas, alcis oder alcis rei (Bewunderung, hohes Interesse an etc.). – die B. der Numidier für Jugurtha, studia Numidarum in Iugurtham accensa. – in B. geraten, divino quodam spiritu inflari; divino instinctu concitari: von B. für etw. erfüllt sein, studio alcis rei incensum esse; admiratione alcis oder alcis rei imbutum esse: von B. für das Altertum erfüllt, antiquitatis admirator. – in B. die Zukunft vorhersehen, furentem futura prospicere: in B. dichten, cae lesti quodam mentis instinctu carmina fundere.

    deutsch-lateinisches > Begeisterung

  • 9 Anregung

    Anregung, die, I) Aufregung etc.: incitatio. concitatio (das Antreiben). – animi impetus u. bl. impetus (innerer Drang). – animi motus (innere Bewegung). – auf deine A., te impulsore; te suasore et impulsore: in Anregung bringen, s. anregen no. I: jmdm. eine A. geben, alci impetum dare. – II) Erwähnung: mentio; commemoratio. – in A. bringen s. anregen no. II.

    deutsch-lateinisches > Anregung

  • 10 Neigung

    Neigung, I) als Handlung, das Neigen: inclinatio. – II) als Zustand, A) eig., Richtung bergabwärts: fastigium (Abdachung). – proclivitas. declivitas. acclivitas (abschüssige Lage, erstere beide von oben, letzteres von unten betrachtet). – B) uneig., das Sich-Hin neigen zu einem Gegenstande: inclinatio animi od. voluntatis, zu etwas, ad alqd (die Neigung des Geistes od. Willens zu etwas) – proclivitas ad alqd (der überwiegende Hang zu etwas). – studium, zu etw. od. jmd., alcis rei od. alcis (der besondere Trieb, den man zu etwas hat, die Beeiferung für jmd. od. etwas, die Gunst, die man jmdm. zuwendet; bes. im Plur. studia = Neigungen). – voluntas ingenii (die Richtung des Geistes auf einen besondern Gegenstand). – propensa in alqm voluntas (günstige Gesinnung gegen jmd.). – voluntas (das Wollen, Verlangen übh., die rein individuelle, subjektive Neigung). – animi impetus (Drang des Herzens nach jmd. oder etw., z.B. infelix). – amor, zu jmd., in od erga alqm (Liebe). – N. zum Weintrinken, vinolentia: N. zur sinnlichen Luft, libīdo; libidines; N. zum Zorn, iracundia; ad iram proclivitas: aus N., studio (z.B. accusare): mit N., propenso animo (mit überwiegendem Hang); ex animo (mit Luft u. Liebe). – seine N. auf etw. richten, animum inducere ad alqd: N. haben zu etwas, inclinatum, proclivem, pronum, propensum esse ad alqd (u. zwar incl. esse = übh. zu etw. geneigt sein, procl. u. pron. esse = leicht zu etw. geneigt sein, propens. esse = überwiegend zu etwas geneigt sein); alci rei studere. alcis rei studio teneri (sich für etwas beeifern): große N. zu etwas haben, studio alcis rei ardere od. incensum esse: keine N. zu etwas haben, ab alqa re alienum esse od. (mit dem Nbbegr. des Widerwillens) abhorrere: N. (Liebe) zu jmd. haben, alqm amare: keine N. zu jmd. haben, alieno od. averso ab alqo esse animo: N. zu etw. bekommen, alcis rei studio incendi; große, alcis rei studio ardere coepisse: N. (Liebe) zu jmd. bekommen, alqm amare coepisse: die N. zu etw. verlieren, alcis rei studium deponere: die N. zu jmd. verlieren, ab alqo alienari; alqm amare desinere: seinen Neigungen folgen, animi impetum sequi (seinen Begierden u. Leidenschaften nachgeben); studiis suis obseq ui (dem, wozu ein innerer [1781] Trieb hinzieht [z.B. zu den Wissenschaften], sich hingeben): meine N. führt mich zu etwas, inclino ad alqd (z.B. ad iuris scientiam, ad eloquentiae studium).

    deutsch-lateinisches > Neigung

  • 11 Eigensinn

    Eigensinn, I) störriges u. mürrisches Wesen: animus obstinatus. mens obstinata. obstinatio, bei etwas, alcis rei (das eigensinnige Beharren). – animus praefractus (Starrköpfigkeit). – contumacia (Widerspenstigkeit). – morositas (mürrisches Wesen). – jmdm. den Ei. austreiben, obstinatam mentem alci excutere. – II) willkürlicher Sinn: libīdo (bloßes Gelüste). – animi impetus (bloße Aufwallung, Aufregung des Gemüts, z.B. impetu quodam animi potius quam cogitatione facere alqd). – aus Ei., ex libidine; ad libidinem (z.B. vexare alqm). – eigensinnig, I) störrig od. mürrisch: obstinatus (fest auf seinem Sinn beharrend). – praefractus (starrköpfig). – contumax (widerspenstig). – difficilis (dem man nichts recht machen kann). – morosus (mürrisch); gew. verb. difficilis et morosus (bes. vonalten Leuten). – Adv.obstinate; obstinato animo; praefracte; morose. – II) ganz nach bloßem Gelüste verfahrend: libidinosus. – Adv.libidinose.

    deutsch-lateinisches > Eigensinn

  • 12 fortis

        fortis e, adj. with comp. and sup.    [3 FER-], strong, powerful, mighty: equus: latus, youthful vigor, H.: ligna, Cs.: castra: ulmi, V.— Strong, vigorous, firm, steadfast, stout, courageous, brave, manly, valiant, bold, fearless: vir, man of honor, T.: fortis et constantis est, non perturbari: necessitudo timidos fortīs facit, S.: Rebus angustis animosus atque Fortis appare, H.: horum fortissimi sunt Belgae, Cs.: seu quis capit acria fortis Pocula, H.: in dolore: ad sanguinem civilem, L.: contra audaciam fortissimus: Scriberis fortis, a hero, H.: manu, i. e. personally brave, N.: si fortes fueritis in eo, had proceeded with vigor: fugacibus, O.: Tractare serpentes, H.: aurum Spernere fortior, H.—Prov.: fortīs fortuna adiuvat, T.—Of things, strong, spirited, brave, bold, enduring, impetuous: senectus fortior: oculi, bold: animi impetus: ut paulo fortius factum, Cs.: facta, S.: opera, service, L.: fortior contra dolorem disciplina: fortissimae sententiae: oratio (opp. placida).—As subst n.: serae ad fortia vires (sc. facta), V.: fortem ad fortia misi, O.
    * * *
    forte, fortior -or -us, fortissimus -a -um ADJ
    strong, powerful, mighty, vigorous, firm, steadfast, courageous, brave, bold

    Latin-English dictionary > fortis

  • 13 inpetus

    impĕtus ( inp-), ūs (dat. impetu, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 3; no gen. plur.; abl. impetibus, Lucr. 1, 293; v. also impes), m. [impeto], an attack, assault, onset (freq. and class.; in sing. and plur. equally common).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    incursio atque impetus armatorum,

    Cic. Caecin. 15, 44:

    gladiis destrictis in eos impetum fecerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 2:

    impetum facere in aliquem,

    id. ib. 1, 46 fin.; Hirt. B. G. 8, 18, 4:

    in agros,

    Liv. 1, 5, 4:

    ad regem,

    id. 1, 5, 7; cf.:

    in hostes,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 3:

    dare impetum in aliquem,

    Liv. 4, 28, 1; 2, 19, 7:

    capere impetum in aliquem,

    Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 91:

    hostes impetu facto celeriter nostros perturbaverunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 1:

    oppidum magno impetu oppugnare,

    id. ib. 2, 6:

    primo hostium impetu pulsi,

    id. ib. 2, 24, 1:

    impetus gladiorum excipere,

    id. ib. 1, 52, 4:

    impetum sustinere,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 4:

    ferre impetum,

    id. ib. 3, 19, 3:

    fracto impetu levissimi hominis,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2:

    impetum propulsare,

    id. Mur. 1, 2:

    nec primum quidem impetum, nec secundum, nec tertium, sustinere potuerunt,

    Flor. 3, 3, 4; Liv. 33, 36, 11:

    uno impetu,

    Curt. 8, 14, 18; Lact. 3, 26, 10; 5, 4, 1:

    coërcere,

    Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 180:

    aquarum domare,

    id. 31, 6, 31, § 58:

    nec tantum (cupiditates) in alios caeco impetu incurrunt, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 44.— Poet.: biformato impetu Centaurus, with double - shaped attack, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8 fin.; v. biformatus.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    In medic. lang., an attack of a disease, a fit, paroxysm:

    febris,

    Cels. 2, 15:

    pituitae,

    Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 183:

    coeliacorum,

    id. 20, 14, 53, § 148: oculorum, i. e. inflammation, id. 20, 3, 8, § 16:

    thymum e vino tumores et impetus tollit,

    id. 21, 21, 89, § 157; so absol., id. 22, 25, 58, § 122. —
    2.
    In mechanics, the pressure of a load, Vitr. 6, 3.—
    II.
    Transf., in gen. (without reference to an object), violent impulse, violent or rapid motion, impetus, impetuosity, violence, fury, vehemence, vigor, force.
    A.
    Physical: labitur uncta carina, volat super impetus undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.):

    in magno impetu maris atque aperto,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 8, 1:

    Hebri,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 59:

    impetus caeli,

    i. e. rapid motion, Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Lucr. 5, 200. — Hence also poet.: quieti corpus nocturno impetu Dedi, in the nocturnal revolution, i. e. in the night, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

    impetus ipse animaï Et fera vis venti,

    Lucr. 6, 591; cf.:

    tantos impetus ventorum sustinere,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6.—
    B.
    Mental, impulse, vehemence, ardor, passion, etc.
    (α).
    Sing.:

    repentino quodam impetu animi incitatus,

    internal pressure, impulse, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49; cf.:

    ut tota mente omnique animi impetu in rem publicam incumbas,

    id. Fam. 10, 5, 2; id. Att. 11, 5, 1:

    impetu magis quam consilio,

    Liv. 42, 29, 11:

    aliter in oratione nec impetus ullus nec vis esse potest,

    Cic. Or. 68, 229; cf.:

    ad omnem impetum dicendi,

    id. Deiot. 2, 5:

    actiones quae recitantur impetum omnem caloremque perdunt,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 2:

    resumere impetum fractum omissumque,

    id. ib. 7, 9, 6:

    adulescens impetus ad bella maximi,

    Vell. 2, 55, 2:

    est prudentis, sustinere ut currum sic impetum benevolentiae,

    Cic. Lael. 17, 63:

    divinus impetus,

    id. Div. 1, 49, 111:

    si ex hoc impetu rerum nihil prolatando remittitur,

    Liv. 37, 19, 5:

    donec impetus famae et favor exercitus languesceret,

    Tac. Agr. 39 fin.:

    est mihi per saevas impetus ire feras,

    I feel an impulse, Ov. H. 4, 38:

    Bessus occidendi protinus regis impetum ceperat,

    had formed a sudden purpose, Curt. 5, 12, 1:

    statim moriendi impetum cepit,

    Suet. Oth. 9.—

    Prov.: Da spatium tenuemque moram, male cuncta ministrat impetus,

    haste makes waste, Stat. Th. 10, 704 sq. —
    (β).
    Plur.:

    animalia, quae habent suos impetus et rerum appetitus,

    impulses, instincts, Cic. Off. 2, 3, 11:

    an fortitudo, nisi insanire coeperit, impetus suos non habebit?

    id. Tusc. 4, 22, 50:

    temperantia est rationis in libidinem atque in alios non rectos impetus animi firma et moderata dominatio,

    id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:

    insanos atque indomitos impetus vulgi cohibere,

    id. Rep. 1, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inpetus

  • 14 animus

    animus, ī, m. (griech. ἄνεμος, Wind, Hauch, vgl. altind. āniti, atmet, got. us-anan, ausatmen), I) die Seele, als Prinzip des geistigen Lebens, der Geist (Ggstz. corpus, der Körper, od. anima, die physische od. auch seelische Lebenskraft), animi corporisque vires, Liv.: unde anima atque animi constet natura, Lucr.: alci germanum esse pariter animo ac corpore, Ter.: credo deos immortales sparsisse animos in corpora humana, Cic.: difficile est animum perducere ad contemptionem animae, Sen. – seltener v. Tieren, animantia quaedam animum habent, quaedam tantum animam, Sen.: u. so bestiae, quarum animi sunt rationis expertes, Cic.

    II) die menschliche Seele als Inbegriff aller Seelenkräfte oder als Prinzip des Empfindens, Begehrens u. Denkens, der Geist, s. Cic. de div. 1, 61; Tusc. 2, 47. – bes. das Gemüt, Herz, d.i. das Empfindende, Begehrende (Ggstz. mens, d.i. das Denkende, der Verstand); vgl. Ochsner Cic. ecl. p. 113 f. – auch häufig (als pars pro toto) für homo od. st. des bl. pronom. pers., wenn von den Gefühlen jmds. die Rede ist, s. Kritz Sall. Iug. 39, 5. Zumpt § 678.

    Dah. A) die Seele als Gefühlsvermögen, 1) im allg.: a) übh., die Seele, das Herz, Gemüt, auch das Gefühl, die Empfindung (griech. θυμός), meus fac sis postremo animus, quando ego sum tuus, Ter.: mala mens, malus animus, schlechter Sinn, schlechtes Herz, Ter.: animo aegra, seelenkrank = liebekrank, Enn. fr., wie animus aegrotus, Ter.: otiosus ab animo, sorgenlos, Ter.: uno animo, einmütig, Liv.: animo aequo, iniquo, s. aequus u. iniquus: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior, Cic.: (Aristides Thebanus) omnium primus animum pinxit et sensus hominis expressit, quae vocant Graeci ἤθη, legte zuerst Seele in seine Gemälde und drückte die menschlichen Gefühle aus, wofür die Griechen den Ausdruck ἤθη (Stimmungen u. Gefühle) haben, Plin. 35, 98. – u. Genet. animi auch fast pleonast. bei Adjj. u. Substst., die einen Gemütszustand bezeichnen, wie aeger animi, Liv.: dubius animi, Verg.: incertus animi, Ter., Sall. fr. u.a.: suspensi u. stupentes animi, Liv.: animi metus, Herzensangst, Cic.: u. so animi timor, Sall.: lubido animi sui, die Leidenschaftlichkeit, Sall.; vgl. Kritz Sall. Cat. 58, 2. – u. animo od. animi bei Verben des Empfindens, wie im Griech. θυμω, angere se animi, Plaut.: pendēre animi, Ter.: animo excrucior, Ter.: animo tremere, Cic.: animi u. animis pendēre, Cic.: animi victus, Claudian. 3, 170. Vgl. Wagner Plaut. aul. 145 u. Ter. heaut. – b) das Herz, Gemüt = die Gemütsart, Sinnesart, Denk- u. Handlungsweise, die Gesinnung, der Sinn, Charakter, die Grundsätze (vgl. Bremi Suet. Tib. 52), iracundus, Plaut.: magnus et excelsus, Cic.: altus, Cic.: apertus et simplex (offen u. ohne Falsch), Cic.: belli ingens, domi modicus, hochfahrender, bescheidener Sinn, Sall.: u. animo ingenti, von heroischem Charakter, Sall.: fluxus, lockere Grundsätze, Sall.: esse angusti animi atque demissi, Cic.: pusilli animi est, zeugt von niedriger Sinnesart, Cic.: ebenso sordidus atque animi parvi, Hor. – poet. übtr. von der Natur, Art der Bäume, exuerint silvestrem animum, legen dir ab die wildernde Art, Verg. georg. 2, 51.

    2) im einzelnen, irgend eine Beschaffenheit, Stimmung, Bewegung des Gemüts, u. zwar: a) das Herz, das man für jmd. hat, die Stimmung, Gesinnung für od. gegen jmd., hoc animo in nos esse debetis, Cic.: bono od. alieno animo esse in alqm, Caes.: inimico animo esse, Caes.: qui quo animo inter nos simus, ignorant, Cic.: pro mutuo inter nos animo, Cic.: in animo principis, in der Gunst des Fürsten, s. Nipperd. Tac. ann. 15, 50. – dah. meton. in der Umgangsspr. als zärtliche Anrede an den Geliebten od. die Geliebte, mi anime od. anime mi, »mein Herz, liebe Seele«, Komik. (s. Lorenz Plaut. Pseud. 30 ff. Spengel Ter. Andr. 685): so auch animus meus, Fronto ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 13 p. 36, 20 N. – b) die höhere Stimmung, wie unser Herz = die Herzhaftigkeit, Energie, der Mut, das Selbstvertrauen, die Zuversicht (auch oft von einem im Plur. von der Fülle des Mutes, u. umgekehrt der Sing. von mehreren, s. Kraner Caes. b.c. 2, 34, 6. Müller Liv. 1, 25, 3. Weißenb. Liv. 30, 28, 1), femina ingens animi, voll hohen Mutes, hochherzige, Tac.: fac animo magno fortique sis, Cic.: magnum animum ostendere, Cic.: animum addere, Mut machen, Ter.: reddere animum, animus mihi redit, Ter.: animum sumere (fassen), Vell.: animum od. animos tollere, s. tollo: animus alci accedit, Cic.: crevit extemplo Romanis animus, Liv.: neutris animus est ad pugnandum, Liv.: circum fusus exercitus animos ad non parendum addebat, machte Mut zum Nichtgehorchen, Liv.: animos ad spem certaminis od. ad temptandum de integro certamen facere, Liv. (vgl. Weißenb. Liv. 37, 37, 9): magnus mihi animus est m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., ich habe die Zuversicht, Tac. Agr. 30 in. – u. ebenso im Plur., animi iis accedunt, Cic.: cum hostium opes animique crevissent, Cic.: morte Africani crevere inimicorum animi, Liv. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 28, 19, 16): cum ipsa cunctatio et his animos minuisset et auxisset hosti, Liv.: ducibus plebis accendit magis certamine animos quam minuit, Liv.: animi cadunt (sinkt), Cic. – bono es animo, Ter., Varr. u. Apul., od. bono sis (fac sis) animo, Komik.: animum bonum habe, Plaut., Sall. u.a.: in re mala animo bono uti, gute Miene zum bösen Spiel machen, Plaut.: fac animo praesenti hoc dicas, herzhaft, Ter.: satis animi, Muts genug, Ov.: si ad haec parum est animi, wenn du dazu nicht Mut genug hast, Liv.: cum Poeno recens victoria animo esset, Mut machte, Liv. – übtr., von der »Lebhaftigkeit, Lebendigkeit«, dem »Feuer« der Rede, et consilii et animi satis, Quint.: actio plena animi, Cic.: quae vis, qui animus, quae dignitas illi oratori defuit, Cic.: poet., von der Bewegung des Kreisels, dant animos plagae, Verg. Aen. 7, 383: der Gewässer, Stat. Theb. 3, 671; 5, 468: der Winde, Verg. Aen. 10, 357. – Dah. α) der hoffende Mut, magnus mihi animus est m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., ich habe die große Zuversicht, es werde usw., Tac. Agr. 30. – u. so β) (bes. im Plur.) der aus der Fülle des Mutes hervorgegangene hochstrebende Sinn, die Ansprüche, hochfahrenden Wünsche, das hochfahrende, anspruchsvolle Wesen, der Hochmut, Stolz, Übermut, Trotz (s. Fabri Liv. 22, 26, 1. Ruhnken Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 57), cui inerat contemptor animus et superbia, Sall.: ne super fortunam animum gereret; non omnia omnibus cupiunda, Sall. – Damarata uxor, filia Hieronis, inflata adhuc regiis animis ac muliebri spiritu, Liv.: haec natis habens sublimes animos, voll Stolz wegen der Kinder, Ov.: cum divitiae iam animos facerent, Liv.: ubi pecunia animos ad spem liberioris fortunae fecit, als das Geld die stolze Hoffnung sich höher zu schwingen einflößte, Liv.: remittant spiritus, comprimant animos suos, sedent arrogantiam, Cic.: iam ínsolentiam noratis hominis, noratis animos eius et spiritus tribunicios, Cic.: pone animos, Verg. – c) die gereizte Stimmung, das heftige-, reizbare Wesen, die Heftigkeit, Hitze, der Zorn (gew. im Plur.), animum vincere, iracundiam cohibere, Cic.: vince animos iramque tuam, Ov.: alcis animos atque impetus (Ungestüm) retardare, Cic.: u. poet. vom Windgott Äolus, mollit animos et temperat iras, mildert seine Wildheit u. besänftigt den Zorn, Verg. Aen. 1, 57. – d) das Gelüsten des sinnl. Triebes, des Herzens Gelüsten, die Neigung, u. meton. die Lust, das Vergnügen, vincam animum meum, will mein Herz, d.i. mich selbst (meinen Widerwillen) besiegen, Plaut.: animo obsequi od. morem gerere, seine Lust befriedigen, Komik.: animum suum explere, seine Lust büßen, Ter.: exple iis animum, stelle sie zufrieden, Ter.: militum animis expletis, Liv.: amico quae dederis animo, dem lieben Ich, Hor. – bes. animi causā, des Gelüstens halber, d.i. »aus Lust, zum Vergnügen, zur Erholung, zum Spaß, aus Liebhaberei«, Plaut., Cic. u.a. (vgl. Görenz Cic. de fin. 2, 56): so auch animi gratiā, Plaut.: verb. animi voluptatisque causā, zur Lust u. zum Vergnügen, Caes.

    B) die Seele als Begehrungs-, Willensvermögen, das Herz = der Wille, Wunsch, die Neigung, das Verlangen, die Lust, das Vorhaben, der Vorsatz, die Absicht, Gesinnung (vgl. ex animi voluntate, Lucr.; u. pro animi mei voluntate, Cic.), istic animus meus est, all mein Sinnen u. Denken, mein Dichten u. Trachten, Plaut.: quoniam nobis di immortales animum ostenderunt suum, ihren Willen, Plaut.: sin aliter animus vester est, Ter.: ad omnia et animo et consilio paratus, Cic.: cuneatim constiterunt hoc animo, ut etc., in der Absicht, daß usw., Caes.: u. so eo ad te animo venimus, ut etc., Cic. – m. folg. ad u. Akk., tuus animus (Lust) ad nuptias, Ter. Andr. 377. – m. folg. Genet. Gerund., parcendi victis filio animus et promptior et honestior, Iustin. 9, 8, 20: animum nubendi finitimis omittere, Iustin. 2, 4, 5: animum vincendi capere, Iustin. 7, 2, 10: occupandae reipublicae animum habere, Vell. 2, 4, 4. – habeo in animo m. Infin. = »ich habe im Sinne, bin willens, bin entschlossen, beabsichtige, habe Lust, es regt sich die Lust, es gelüstet mich«, Cic. Rosc. Am. 52; Verr. 4, 68; ep. 4, 12, 2. Caes. b.G. 6, 7, 5. Pomp. beim Auct. b. Hisp. 26, 7. Liv. 1, 48, 9; 44, 25, 1: ebenso in animum habeo, Liv. 33, 10, 4: u. dass. est (mihi) in animo, Cic. Rosc. Am. 91; Verr. 4, 137; ad Att. 6, 8, 2. Caes. b.G. 1, 7, 3; b.c. 1, 1, 4. Liv. praef. § 6; 1, 28, 7. Tac. Germ. 3: dass. est animus (mihi) m. folg. Infin., Curt. 9, 3 (12), 5. Suet. Caes. 82, 3. Verg. Aen. 4, 639. Ov. met. 5, 150: u. fert animus m. Infin., Suet. Oth. 6, 1. Ov. met. 1, 1 u.a. Dichter (s. Drak. Sil. 16, 294): u. avet animus m. Infin., Cic. Phil. 5, 13: u. inclinat animus (ich bin geneigt) m. folg. ut u. Konj., Liv. 1, 24, 1; 7, 9, 5. – animum od. in animum induco, s. in-dūcoinduco. – u. ex animo, »von Herzen« = »gern, freiwillig, ungezwungen«, u. dah. auch »im Ernst, ernstlich, aufrichtig« (Ggstz. simulate), oft b. Ter., Cic. u.a. – u. bono animo, in guter Absicht, Cic. de imp. Pomp. 56. Nep. Ages. 6, 2.

    C) die Seele als Denkvermögen, vernünftiges Prinzip, 1) im allg., der Geist im engern Sinne, die Gedanken (koordiniert der mens, dem »Verstand«, der »Vernunft«), omnium mentes animosque perturbare, aller Sinne u. Gedanken, Caes.: sic semper in animo habui (habe immer gedacht) te in meo aere esse, Cic. ep. 13, 62: sic in animo habeto, ut ne cupide emas, Cato r.r. 1, 1.

    2) insbes.: a) die Gedanken = das Bewußtsein, die Besinnung, mihi animus etiam nunc abest, Plaut.: animus alqm relinquit, Caes.: linqui animo, Curt.: linquente animo, Curt.: deficientibus animis, Liv.: animus rediit, Ov. – b) die Gedanken = das Gedächtnis, ex animo effluere (aus dem G. entschwinden), Cic.: u. so excidere ex animo, Cic., ex omnium animis, Liv.: memor in bene meritos animus, Cic.: omnia fert aetas, animum quoque, Verg.: haberet in animo amicum solā necessitudinis gloriā usurum, den Fr. im Gedächtnis behalten, auf den Fr. Bedacht nehmen, Tac. ann. 4, 39. – c) die Gedanken, meton. = das Urteil, die Überzeugung, ut animus meus est (Plaut. truc. 775), u. gew. meo animo od. meo quidem animo, »meinen Gedanken nach« = »meines Erachtens od. Bedünkens, nach meiner Ansicht od. Überzeugung«, Plaut. u. Cic. – / Vulg. Abl. Sing. animu, Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 2182 u. 2190.

    lateinisch-deutsches > animus

  • 15 animus

    animus, ī, m. (griech. ἄνεμος, Wind, Hauch, vgl. altind. āniti, atmet, got. us-anan, ausatmen), I) die Seele, als Prinzip des geistigen Lebens, der Geist (Ggstz. corpus, der Körper, od. anima, die physische od. auch seelische Lebenskraft), animi corporisque vires, Liv.: unde anima atque animi constet natura, Lucr.: alci germanum esse pariter animo ac corpore, Ter.: credo deos immortales sparsisse animos in corpora humana, Cic.: difficile est animum perducere ad contemptionem animae, Sen. – seltener v. Tieren, animantia quaedam animum habent, quaedam tantum animam, Sen.: u. so bestiae, quarum animi sunt rationis expertes, Cic.
    II) die menschliche Seele als Inbegriff aller Seelenkräfte oder als Prinzip des Empfindens, Begehrens u. Denkens, der Geist, s. Cic. de div. 1, 61; Tusc. 2, 47. – bes. das Gemüt, Herz, d.i. das Empfindende, Begehrende (Ggstz. mens, d.i. das Denkende, der Verstand); vgl. Ochsner Cic. ecl. p. 113 f. – auch häufig (als pars pro toto) für homo od. st. des bl. pronom. pers., wenn von den Gefühlen jmds. die Rede ist, s. Kritz Sall. Iug. 39, 5. Zumpt § 678.
    Dah. A) die Seele als Gefühlsvermögen, 1) im allg.: a) übh., die Seele, das Herz, Gemüt, auch das Gefühl, die Empfindung (griech. θυμός), meus fac sis postremo animus, quando ego sum tuus, Ter.:
    ————
    mala mens, malus animus, schlechter Sinn, schlechtes Herz, Ter.: animo aegra, seelenkrank = liebekrank, Enn. fr., wie animus aegrotus, Ter.: otiosus ab animo, sorgenlos, Ter.: uno animo, einmütig, Liv.: animo aequo, iniquo, s. aequus u. iniquus: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior, Cic.: (Aristides Thebanus) omnium primus animum pinxit et sensus hominis expressit, quae vocant Graeci ἤθη, legte zuerst Seele in seine Gemälde und drückte die menschlichen Gefühle aus, wofür die Griechen den Ausdruck ἤθη (Stimmungen u. Gefühle) haben, Plin. 35, 98. – u. Genet. animi auch fast pleonast. bei Adjj. u. Substst., die einen Gemütszustand bezeichnen, wie aeger animi, Liv.: dubius animi, Verg.: incertus animi, Ter., Sall. fr. u.a.: suspensi u. stupentes animi, Liv.: animi metus, Herzensangst, Cic.: u. so animi timor, Sall.: lubido animi sui, die Leidenschaftlichkeit, Sall.; vgl. Kritz Sall. Cat. 58, 2. – u. animo od. animi bei Verben des Empfindens, wie im Griech. θυμω, angere se animi, Plaut.: pendēre animi, Ter.: animo excrucior, Ter.: animo tremere, Cic.: animi u. animis pendēre, Cic.: animi victus, Claudian. 3, 170. Vgl. Wagner Plaut. aul. 145 u. Ter. heaut. – b) das Herz, Gemüt = die Gemütsart, Sinnesart, Denk- u. Handlungsweise, die Gesinnung, der Sinn, Charakter, die Grundsätze (vgl. Bremi Suet. Tib. 52), iracundus, Plaut.: magnus et excelsus, Cic.: altus, Cic.:
    ————
    apertus et simplex (offen u. ohne Falsch), Cic.: belli ingens, domi modicus, hochfahrender, bescheidener Sinn, Sall.: u. animo ingenti, von heroischem Charakter, Sall.: fluxus, lockere Grundsätze, Sall.: esse angusti animi atque demissi, Cic.: pusilli animi est, zeugt von niedriger Sinnesart, Cic.: ebenso sordidus atque animi parvi, Hor. – poet. übtr. von der Natur, Art der Bäume, exuerint silvestrem animum, legen dir ab die wildernde Art, Verg. georg. 2, 51.
    2) im einzelnen, irgend eine Beschaffenheit, Stimmung, Bewegung des Gemüts, u. zwar: a) das Herz, das man für jmd. hat, die Stimmung, Gesinnung für od. gegen jmd., hoc animo in nos esse debetis, Cic.: bono od. alieno animo esse in alqm, Caes.: inimico animo esse, Caes.: qui quo animo inter nos simus, ignorant, Cic.: pro mutuo inter nos animo, Cic.: in animo principis, in der Gunst des Fürsten, s. Nipperd. Tac. ann. 15, 50. – dah. meton. in der Umgangsspr. als zärtliche Anrede an den Geliebten od. die Geliebte, mi anime od. anime mi, »mein Herz, liebe Seele«, Komik. (s. Lorenz Plaut. Pseud. 30 ff. Spengel Ter. Andr. 685): so auch animus meus, Fronto ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 13 p. 36, 20 N. – b) die höhere Stimmung, wie unser Herz = die Herzhaftigkeit, Energie, der Mut, das Selbstvertrauen, die Zuversicht (auch oft von einem im Plur. von der Fülle des Mutes, u. umgekehrt der Sing. von mehreren, s.
    ————
    Kraner Caes. b.c. 2, 34, 6. Müller Liv. 1, 25, 3. Weißenb. Liv. 30, 28, 1), femina ingens animi, voll hohen Mutes, hochherzige, Tac.: fac animo magno fortique sis, Cic.: magnum animum ostendere, Cic.: animum addere, Mut machen, Ter.: reddere animum, animus mihi redit, Ter.: animum sumere (fassen), Vell.: animum od. animos tollere, s. tollo: animus alci accedit, Cic.: crevit extemplo Romanis animus, Liv.: neutris animus est ad pugnandum, Liv.: circum fusus exercitus animos ad non parendum addebat, machte Mut zum Nichtgehorchen, Liv.: animos ad spem certaminis od. ad temptandum de integro certamen facere, Liv. (vgl. Weißenb. Liv. 37, 37, 9): magnus mihi animus est m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., ich habe die Zuversicht, Tac. Agr. 30 in. – u. ebenso im Plur., animi iis accedunt, Cic.: cum hostium opes animique crevissent, Cic.: morte Africani crevere inimicorum animi, Liv. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 28, 19, 16): cum ipsa cunctatio et his animos minuisset et auxisset hosti, Liv.: ducibus plebis accendit magis certamine animos quam minuit, Liv.: animi cadunt (sinkt), Cic. – bono es animo, Ter., Varr. u. Apul., od. bono sis (fac sis) animo, Komik.: animum bonum habe, Plaut., Sall. u.a.: in re mala animo bono uti, gute Miene zum bösen Spiel machen, Plaut.: fac animo praesenti hoc dicas, herzhaft, Ter.: satis animi, Muts genug, Ov.: si ad haec parum est animi, wenn du dazu nicht Mut
    ————
    genug hast, Liv.: cum Poeno recens victoria animo esset, Mut machte, Liv. – übtr., von der »Lebhaftigkeit, Lebendigkeit«, dem »Feuer« der Rede, et consilii et animi satis, Quint.: actio plena animi, Cic.: quae vis, qui animus, quae dignitas illi oratori defuit, Cic.: poet., von der Bewegung des Kreisels, dant animos plagae, Verg. Aen. 7, 383: der Gewässer, Stat. Theb. 3, 671; 5, 468: der Winde, Verg. Aen. 10, 357. – Dah. α) der hoffende Mut, magnus mihi animus est m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., ich habe die große Zuversicht, es werde usw., Tac. Agr. 30. – u. so β) (bes. im Plur.) der aus der Fülle des Mutes hervorgegangene hochstrebende Sinn, die Ansprüche, hochfahrenden Wünsche, das hochfahrende, anspruchsvolle Wesen, der Hochmut, Stolz, Übermut, Trotz (s. Fabri Liv. 22, 26, 1. Ruhnken Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 57), cui inerat contemptor animus et superbia, Sall.: ne super fortunam animum gereret; non omnia omnibus cupiunda, Sall. – Damarata uxor, filia Hieronis, inflata adhuc regiis animis ac muliebri spiritu, Liv.: haec natis habens sublimes animos, voll Stolz wegen der Kinder, Ov.: cum divitiae iam animos facerent, Liv.: ubi pecunia animos ad spem liberioris fortunae fecit, als das Geld die stolze Hoffnung sich höher zu schwingen einflößte, Liv.: remittant spiritus, comprimant animos suos, sedent arrogantiam, Cic.: iam нnsolentiam noratis hominis, noratis animos eius et
    ————
    spiritus tribunicios, Cic.: pone animos, Verg. – c) die gereizte Stimmung, das heftige-, reizbare Wesen, die Heftigkeit, Hitze, der Zorn (gew. im Plur.), animum vincere, iracundiam cohibere, Cic.: vince animos iramque tuam, Ov.: alcis animos atque impetus (Ungestüm) retardare, Cic.: u. poet. vom Windgott Äolus, mollit animos et temperat iras, mildert seine Wildheit u. besänftigt den Zorn, Verg. Aen. 1, 57. – d) das Gelüsten des sinnl. Triebes, des Herzens Gelüsten, die Neigung, u. meton. die Lust, das Vergnügen, vincam animum meum, will mein Herz, d.i. mich selbst (meinen Widerwillen) besiegen, Plaut.: animo obsequi od. morem gerere, seine Lust befriedigen, Komik.: animum suum explere, seine Lust büßen, Ter.: exple iis animum, stelle sie zufrieden, Ter.: militum animis expletis, Liv.: amico quae dederis animo, dem lieben Ich, Hor. – bes. animi causā, des Gelüstens halber, d.i. »aus Lust, zum Vergnügen, zur Erholung, zum Spaß, aus Liebhaberei«, Plaut., Cic. u.a. (vgl. Görenz Cic. de fin. 2, 56): so auch animi gratiā, Plaut.: verb. animi voluptatisque causā, zur Lust u. zum Vergnügen, Caes.
    B) die Seele als Begehrungs-, Willensvermögen, das Herz = der Wille, Wunsch, die Neigung, das Verlangen, die Lust, das Vorhaben, der Vorsatz, die Absicht, Gesinnung (vgl. ex animi voluntate, Lucr.; u. pro animi mei voluntate, Cic.), istic animus
    ————
    meus est, all mein Sinnen u. Denken, mein Dichten u. Trachten, Plaut.: quoniam nobis di immortales animum ostenderunt suum, ihren Willen, Plaut.: sin aliter animus vester est, Ter.: ad omnia et animo et consilio paratus, Cic.: cuneatim constiterunt hoc animo, ut etc., in der Absicht, daß usw., Caes.: u. so eo ad te animo venimus, ut etc., Cic. – m. folg. ad u. Akk., tuus animus (Lust) ad nuptias, Ter. Andr. 377. – m. folg. Genet. Gerund., parcendi victis filio animus et promptior et honestior, Iustin. 9, 8, 20: animum nubendi finitimis omittere, Iustin. 2, 4, 5: animum vincendi capere, Iustin. 7, 2, 10: occupandae reipublicae animum habere, Vell. 2, 4, 4. – habeo in animo m. Infin. = »ich habe im Sinne, bin willens, bin entschlossen, beabsichtige, habe Lust, es regt sich die Lust, es gelüstet mich«, Cic. Rosc. Am. 52; Verr. 4, 68; ep. 4, 12, 2. Caes. b.G. 6, 7, 5. Pomp. beim Auct. b. Hisp. 26, 7. Liv. 1, 48, 9; 44, 25, 1: ebenso in animum habeo, Liv. 33, 10, 4: u. dass. est (mihi) in animo, Cic. Rosc. Am. 91; Verr. 4, 137; ad Att. 6, 8, 2. Caes. b.G. 1, 7, 3; b.c. 1, 1, 4. Liv. praef. § 6; 1, 28, 7. Tac. Germ. 3: dass. est animus (mihi) m. folg. Infin., Curt. 9, 3 (12), 5. Suet. Caes. 82, 3. Verg. Aen. 4, 639. Ov. met. 5, 150: u. fert animus m. Infin., Suet. Oth. 6, 1. Ov. met. 1, 1 u.a. Dichter (s. Drak. Sil. 16, 294): u. avet animus m. Infin., Cic. Phil. 5, 13: u. inclinat animus (ich bin geneigt) m. folg. ut u.
    ————
    Konj., Liv. 1, 24, 1; 7, 9, 5. – animum od. in animum induco, s. inducoinduco. – u. ex animo, »von Herzen« = »gern, freiwillig, ungezwungen«, u. dah. auch »im Ernst, ernstlich, aufrichtig« (Ggstz. simulate), oft b. Ter., Cic. u.a. – u. bono animo, in guter Absicht, Cic. de imp. Pomp. 56. Nep. Ages. 6, 2.
    C) die Seele als Denkvermögen, vernünftiges Prinzip, 1) im allg., der Geist im engern Sinne, die Gedanken (koordiniert der mens, dem »Verstand«, der »Vernunft«), omnium mentes animosque perturbare, aller Sinne u. Gedanken, Caes.: sic semper in animo habui (habe immer gedacht) te in meo aere esse, Cic. ep. 13, 62: sic in animo habeto, ut ne cupide emas, Cato r.r. 1, 1.
    2) insbes.: a) die Gedanken = das Bewußtsein, die Besinnung, mihi animus etiam nunc abest, Plaut.: animus alqm relinquit, Caes.: linqui animo, Curt.: linquente animo, Curt.: deficientibus animis, Liv.: animus rediit, Ov. – b) die Gedanken = das Gedächtnis, ex animo effluere (aus dem G. entschwinden), Cic.: u. so excidere ex animo, Cic., ex omnium animis, Liv.: memor in bene meritos animus, Cic.: omnia fert aetas, animum quoque, Verg.: haberet in animo amicum solā necessitudinis gloriā usurum, den Fr. im Gedächtnis behalten, auf den Fr. Bedacht nehmen, Tac. ann. 4, 39. – c) die Gedanken, meton. = das Urteil, die Überzeugung, ut animus meus est (Plaut.
    ————
    truc. 775), u. gew. meo animo od. meo quidem animo, »meinen Gedanken nach« = »meines Erachtens od. Bedünkens, nach meiner Ansicht od. Überzeugung«, Plaut. u. Cic. – ⇒ Vulg. Abl. Sing. animu, Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 2182 u. 2190.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > animus

  • 16 Feuer

    Feuer, I) eig.: ignis (jedes F., als Element, im tierischen Körper; auch Wachtfeuer, Feuersbrunst). – flamma (jedes auflodernde F., das helle Feuer, die Flamme). – ardor (die Glut, der Brand, das Feuer, die Flamme, am Himmel etc.). – scintillae (die aufsprühenden Funken, die aus einem Steine springen etc.). – incendium (das entzündete Feuer, der Brand, die Feuersbrunst). – im Feuer, flammā circumfusus (von der Flamme umgeben, umwogt). – Feuer schlagen, anschlagen, aufschlagen, machen, ignem excitare lapide percusso (mit Stahl u. Stein); lapidum conflictu od. tritu elicereignem. collisis lapidibusignem excutere (durch Zusammenschlagen od. Reiben zweier Steine Feuer erzeugen): das Feuer wieder anmachen, ignem reficere: Feuer anmachen, anzünden, ignem facere, accendere: Feuer (Wachtfeuer etc.) anmachen, ignes facere (z.B. in castris): F. an od. unter etwas legen, anlegen, in etw. werfen, ignem inferre, subdere, subicere alci rei (z.B. tectis); ignem inicere alci rei (z.B. vico, operibus); alqd incendere (anzünden, z.B. domum alcis): Feuer (eine Feuersbrunst) anlegen, incendium facere od. conflare od. excitare od. exsuscitare: das Feuer anlegen, initium incendii facere (eine Stadt etc. zuerst anzünden): das Feuer ist angelegt, incendium humanā fraude factum est; domus ardet non casu aliquo, sed iniectis ignibus (in einem Hause): in Feuer stehen, flammis correptum esse. igni occupatum esse (vom Feuer ergriffen sein); ardere (brennen, auch v. Himmel); flagrare (in hellen Flammen stehen, lichterloh brennen; beide mit incendio, wenn das Feuer angelegt ist): es schien alles in einem F. zu stehen, es schien alles ein F. zu sein, omnia velut continenti flammā ardere visa: mit od. durch F. verwüsten, urere; perurere: mit F. verwüsten u. verheeren, perurere popularique (z.B. agros late): durch od. mit F. und Schwert verwüsten, ferro atque igni, ferro ignique, ferro incendiisque vastare oder (ganz) pervastare; caede atque incendio vastare: durch F. u. Schwert verwüstet werden od. umkommen, ferro ignique od. flammā ferroque absumi: mit F. u. Schwert drohen, ferro flammāque od. ferro ignique minitari alci (z.B. huic urbi). – F. rufen, conclamare ignem od. incendium. – es bricht od. kommt F. (eine Feuersbrunst) aus, es entsteht F. (eine Feuersbrunst), suā sponte incendium oritur: es ist F. od. eine Feuersbrunst (ausgebrochen, ausgekommen, entstanden), ignis ortus od. coortus est (z.B. pluribus simul et iis diversis locis); incendium factum est: es ist F. (eine Feuersbrunst) bei jmd. (ausgekommen oder ausgebrochen), domus alcis ardet; in alcis fortunas incendium excitatum est (man hat jmds. Hab u. Gut in Brand gesteckt): das F. (die Feuersbrunst) ist bei jmd. ausgebrochen, incendium ortum est ex aedibus [895] alcis: es ist F. auf dem palatinischen Berge, domus ardet in Palatio. – nachlässig mit dem F. umgehen, neglegenter ignes apud se habere. – F. fangen, v. Schwamm etc., scintillas excipere; v. Gebäuden = in F. geraten, aufgehen, igni od. flammis comprehendi. flammis corripi. igni occupari (vom F. ergriffen werden; im Zshg. auch bl. comprehendi); ignem od. flammas concipere. ignem comprehendere (Feuer fangen, angehen); ardere od. flagrare coepisse (anfangen in Flammen, in hellen Flammen zu stehen, mit dem Zus. incendio, wenn das Feuer angelegt ist); deflagrare od. conflagrare flammis od. incendio (verbrennen, abbrennen, mit inc., wenn das F. angelegt ist); flammis absumi (von den Flammen verzehrt werden): leicht F. fangen, ignis esse capacissimum; facilem esse ad exardescendum: Feuer fangend, s. feuerfangend. – in Feuer u. Flammen (in vollen Flammen) aufgehen, inflammari incendique. – das F. ergreift etw., ignis od. flamma comprehendit od. corripit alqd. – dem F. (den Flammen) entgehen, effugere ex incendio; inviolatum manere (unverletzt bleiben). – Sprichw., zwischen zwei Feuer geraten, lupum auribus tenere (Suet. Tib. 25); poni inter duo pericula (s. Sen. contr. 1, 1, 6: positus inter duo pericula, quid faciam?). – ein gebranntes Kind scheut das Feuer, cui dolet meminit (Cic. Mur. 42).

    II) uneig.: 1) das Funkeln, der Glanz: ignis (z.B. der Augen). – ardor (die Glut, das Blitzen, der feurige Blick, der Augen, des Mienenspiels, oculorum, vultuum). – vis (das Kräftige, der kräftige Blick der Augen). – vigor (das Lebhafte, der lebhafte Ausdruck, der Augen, des Mienenspiels, z.B. acerrimusvigoroculorum).

    2) Hitze, Heftigkeit: ardor (z.B. des Kriegs, der Leidenschaften, der Liebe etc.). – incendium (der Leidenschaften, auch des Kriegs, immer aber mit dem Nebenbegr. des Verderbens). – animi (der feurige Mut); verb. alcis animi atque impetus (jmds. Feuer u. Ungestüm). – in F. u. Flammen setzen, vehementius incendere alcis animum; incensum dare alqm: in F. u. Flammen geraten, iracundiā inflammari, exardescere; über etw., iracunde ferre alqd od. mit Akk. u. Infin.: vom F. der Liebe verzehrt werden; amoris flammā conflagrare.

    3) geistige Kraft u. Lebhaftigkeit: vis. – vigor (die Frische, Lebhaftigkeit). – spiritus (das einer Sache inwohnende Leben, z.B. der Rede). – impetus (innerer Drang, z.B. oratoris, orationis: u. divinus [des Dichters]). – calor (die Wärme, der Eifer, der uns inwohnt od. mit dem man etwas tut od. mit dem etwas geschieht, z.B. poëticus). – ardor (große Lebhaftigkeit. Glut, z.B. dicentis: u. iuvenilis: u. aetatis [der Jugend]: u. animi od. mentis). – natürliches F. und Munterkeit, quaedam animi incitatio atque alacritas naturaliter innata: F. in der Rede zeigen, acrem esse in dicendo: in F. geraten, v. Dichter, assurgere: in F. geraten sein, mente incensum, inflammatum esse: ohne F., languidus (matt); frigidus (frostig, kalt).

    deutsch-lateinisches > Feuer

  • 17 motus

    mōtus, ūs, m. (moveo), die Bewegung, I) = κίνησις, das Sich-Bewegen, A) eig.: a) übh.: natura omnia ciens motibus suis, Cic.: deus motum dedit caelo eum, qui etc., Cic.: ex corporis totius natura et figura varios motus (Schwingungen) cieri tamquam in cantu sonos, Cic.: Arati materia motu caret, Quint.: m. remorum, Caes.: m. siderum, Caes.: siderum motus cursusque stellarum, Val. Max.: solis et lunae ac siderum motus (Plur.), Augustin.: celerem et instabilem motum habere, v. Meere, Caes.: naves longae, quarum motus ad usum expeditior erat, Caes.: m. lecti suspensi, Cels.: motus (unci) triplex, in utrumque latus et extra, Cels.: vibrata per auras hastarum tremulo quatiebant spicula motu, Ov. – m. oculorum, m. oris, Cels.: m. caudae, Plin.: m. venarum, das Schlagen, Cels.: pectora salientia trepido motu, Ov.: (lepus) nullos audet dare corpore motus, wagt sich nicht zu rühren, Ov. – b) v. der erschütternden Bewegung der Erde, terrae motus, das Erdbeben, die Erderschütterung, Cic. u.a.: subitus terrae motus, Frontin.: crebri terrae motus, Curt.: motus hiatusque terrarum, Augustin. – c) v. der Körperbewegung als Ggstd. α) der Palästrik, Gymnastik, Orchestrik usw., die Bewegung, die Wendung, habitus oris et vultus, status (στάσις), motus (κίνησις), Cic.: status, incessus... manuum motus teneant illud decorum, Cic.: rusticus alter motus, concesso mollior alter erit, Ov.: decens motus, Anmut in Bewegung u. Gang, Hor.: motus palaestrici, s. palaestricus: artifex motus et certi quidam pedes, Quint. – v. der körperl. Bewegung, dem Gebärdenspiele des Redners, ex motus mei mediocritate, Cic.: qui celeri motu et difficili utuntur (Ggstz. statarius), Cic.: iactatione, gestu, motu capitis furentes, Quint. – von den pantomimischen Bewegungen der Tanzenden, haud indecoros motus more Tusco dare, Liv.: histrionicis motibus sinuati corporis saltus, Ambros.: dah. vom mehr pantom. Tanze der Alten, motus Ionici, Hor.: dare motus Cereri, Tänze aufführen, Verg. – β) als Gegenstand der Diät, die Bewegung, Motion, motus post cibum, Cels.: ab omni motu corporis abstinere, Cels. – γ) als milit. t. t., eine Heeresbewegung, Schwenkung, ein Manöver, ut ad motus concursusque essent leviores, Nep. Iph. 1, 4.: multi per eos dies motus multique impetus hinc atque illinc facti (sunt), Liv. 3, 5, 1. – B) übtr.: 1) die sinnl. u. geistige Bewegung, Regung im Menschen, a) die sinnliche Bewegung, die Erregung, erregende Empfindung, omnes iucundum motum, quo sensus hilaretur, Graece ἡδονήν, Latine voluptatem vocant, Cic.: dulcem motum afferent, Cic. – b) die geistige Bewegung, Tätigkeit, Wirksamkeit, animorum motus voluntarii, Cic.: motus animorum duplices sunt, alteri cogitationis, alteri appetitus, Cic.: et animi et ingenii celeres quidam motus esse debent, Herz u. Verstand müssen ihre Kräfte mit Leichtigkeit gebrauchen können, Cic. – dah. insbes., α) die leidenschaftl. Bewegung, Erregung des Gemütes, die Gemütsbewegung, Aufregung, Leidenschaft, mit Genet. animi, Cic. u.a., u. ohne animi, zB. motus turbidus (störende), Cic.: motus animi nimii, Cic.: m. mentis meae, Unruhe meines Gemütes, Cic.: irritare in alqm potentiorum motus (Leidenschaften), Sen. – β) die Tätigkeit, Wirksamkeit des Denkvermögens, Verstandes, motus iste celer cogitationis, jene schnelle Beweglichkeit der Gedanken, jener schn. Gedankenflug, Cic.: ad alqd motu animi (Verstandestätigkeit) ac ratione uti, Cic.; vgl. Halm Cic. Sest. 143. p. 314. – γ) die Tätigkeit, Regung des Begehrens u. Willens, die Bewegung, αα) der Trieb, der Antrieb, sine motu animi et cogitatione, Cic.: est (carmen) magis artis et diligentiae quam incitationis et motus, Cic.: divino od. insano motu concita, Ov. – ββ) der Beweggrund, audisti consilii mei motus, Plin. ep. 3, 4, 9. – 2) die politische Bewegung, a) im guten Sinne, die Erhebung, Italiae magnificentissimus ille motus, Cic. de domo 142. – b) im üblen Sinne, die Bewegung, die Volksbewegung, Gärung, der Auflauf, Aufstand, die Unruhen, populi, Cic.: servilis, Liv.: civicus, Hor.: magnus et implacabilis (nicht zu beschwichtigende), Tac.: hic tantus motus rerum, bewegte Zeit, Cic. u. Tac.: domi motus orti, Liv.: intumescente motu, Tac.: motum afferre rei publicae, Cic. – 3) die Wendung nach der einen od. anderen Seite, der Wechsel, motum (Wechsel der politischen Strömung) non tantum impendere video, quantum tu aut vides aut ad me consolandum affers, Cic.: se quoque ad motus fortunae movere coepit, sich nach den Wendungen (Wechselfällen) des Gl. zu richten, den Mantel nach dem Winde zu hängen, Caes.

    II) mit Rücksicht auf das Woher? A) das Hervortreiben; dah. als t. t. des Gartenbaues = der Trieb, Schuß der Pflanzen (griech. ορμή), tres esse motus in vite, seu potius in surculo, naturales: unum, quo germinet; alterum, quo floreat; tertium, quo maturescat, Colum. 4, 28, 2. – B) der Aufbruch, die Abreise, die Abfahrt, sub Aurorae primos excedere motus, Lucan. 4, 734: motus excepit futuros, Verg. Aen. 4, 297 (vgl. 299). – C) die Umwandlung, κίνησις 1) die politische, die Staatsumwälzung, Veränderung im Staate (griech. τῶν πολιτειῶν κίνησις), concussi orbis motus, Welterschütterung u. Umwälzung, Tac. hist. 1, 16: ut Persarum imperium magno motu (Stoß) concuterent magis quam affligerent, Curt. 4, 14 (54), 20. – 2) die rhetorische, u. zwar meton. = τρόπος, der umgewandte, figürliche Ausdruck, die Redewendung, der Tropus (bei Cicero immutatio verborum, immutata verba), Quint. 8, 5, 35 u. (bes.) 9, 1, 2.

    lateinisch-deutsches > motus

  • 18 motus

    mōtus, ūs, m. (moveo), die Bewegung, I) = κίνησις, das Sich-Bewegen, A) eig.: a) übh.: natura omnia ciens motibus suis, Cic.: deus motum dedit caelo eum, qui etc., Cic.: ex corporis totius natura et figura varios motus (Schwingungen) cieri tamquam in cantu sonos, Cic.: Arati materia motu caret, Quint.: m. remorum, Caes.: m. siderum, Caes.: siderum motus cursusque stellarum, Val. Max.: solis et lunae ac siderum motus (Plur.), Augustin.: celerem et instabilem motum habere, v. Meere, Caes.: naves longae, quarum motus ad usum expeditior erat, Caes.: m. lecti suspensi, Cels.: motus (unci) triplex, in utrumque latus et extra, Cels.: vibrata per auras hastarum tremulo quatiebant spicula motu, Ov. – m. oculorum, m. oris, Cels.: m. caudae, Plin.: m. venarum, das Schlagen, Cels.: pectora salientia trepido motu, Ov.: (lepus) nullos audet dare corpore motus, wagt sich nicht zu rühren, Ov. – b) v. der erschütternden Bewegung der Erde, terrae motus, das Erdbeben, die Erderschütterung, Cic. u.a.: subitus terrae motus, Frontin.: crebri terrae motus, Curt.: motus hiatusque terrarum, Augustin. – c) v. der Körperbewegung als Ggstd. α) der Palästrik, Gymnastik, Orchestrik usw., die Bewegung, die Wendung, habitus oris et vultus, status (στάσις), motus (κίνησις), Cic.: status, incessus... manuum motus teneant illud decorum, Cic.: rusticus alter
    ————
    motus, concesso mollior alter erit, Ov.: decens motus, Anmut in Bewegung u. Gang, Hor.: motus palaestrici, s. palaestricus: artifex motus et certi quidam pedes, Quint. – v. der körperl. Bewegung, dem Gebärdenspiele des Redners, ex motus mei mediocritate, Cic.: qui celeri motu et difficili utuntur (Ggstz. statarius), Cic.: iactatione, gestu, motu capitis furentes, Quint. – von den pantomimischen Bewegungen der Tanzenden, haud indecoros motus more Tusco dare, Liv.: histrionicis motibus sinuati corporis saltus, Ambros.: dah. vom mehr pantom. Tanze der Alten, motus Ionici, Hor.: dare motus Cereri, Tänze aufführen, Verg. – β) als Gegenstand der Diät, die Bewegung, Motion, motus post cibum, Cels.: ab omni motu corporis abstinere, Cels. – γ) als milit. t. t., eine Heeresbewegung, Schwenkung, ein Manöver, ut ad motus concursusque essent leviores, Nep. Iph. 1, 4.: multi per eos dies motus multique impetus hinc atque illinc facti (sunt), Liv. 3, 5, 1. – B) übtr.: 1) die sinnl. u. geistige Bewegung, Regung im Menschen, a) die sinnliche Bewegung, die Erregung, erregende Empfindung, omnes iucundum motum, quo sensus hilaretur, Graece ἡδονήν, Latine voluptatem vocant, Cic.: dulcem motum afferent, Cic. – b) die geistige Bewegung, Tätigkeit, Wirksamkeit, animorum motus voluntarii, Cic.: motus animorum duplices sunt, alteri cogitationis, alteri appetitus, Cic.: et animi
    ————
    et ingenii celeres quidam motus esse debent, Herz u. Verstand müssen ihre Kräfte mit Leichtigkeit gebrauchen können, Cic. – dah. insbes., α) die leidenschaftl. Bewegung, Erregung des Gemütes, die Gemütsbewegung, Aufregung, Leidenschaft, mit Genet. animi, Cic. u.a., u. ohne animi, zB. motus turbidus (störende), Cic.: motus animi nimii, Cic.: m. mentis meae, Unruhe meines Gemütes, Cic.: irritare in alqm potentiorum motus (Leidenschaften), Sen. – β) die Tätigkeit, Wirksamkeit des Denkvermögens, Verstandes, motus iste celer cogitationis, jene schnelle Beweglichkeit der Gedanken, jener schn. Gedankenflug, Cic.: ad alqd motu animi (Verstandestätigkeit) ac ratione uti, Cic.; vgl. Halm Cic. Sest. 143. p. 314. – γ) die Tätigkeit, Regung des Begehrens u. Willens, die Bewegung, αα) der Trieb, der Antrieb, sine motu animi et cogitatione, Cic.: est (carmen) magis artis et diligentiae quam incitationis et motus, Cic.: divino od. insano motu concita, Ov. – ββ) der Beweggrund, audisti consilii mei motus, Plin. ep. 3, 4, 9. – 2) die politische Bewegung, a) im guten Sinne, die Erhebung, Italiae magnificentissimus ille motus, Cic. de domo 142. – b) im üblen Sinne, die Bewegung, die Volksbewegung, Gärung, der Auflauf, Aufstand, die Unruhen, populi, Cic.: servilis, Liv.: civicus, Hor.: magnus et implacabilis (nicht zu beschwichtigende), Tac.: hic tantus motus rerum, be-
    ————
    wegte Zeit, Cic. u. Tac.: domi motus orti, Liv.: intumescente motu, Tac.: motum afferre rei publicae, Cic. – 3) die Wendung nach der einen od. anderen Seite, der Wechsel, motum (Wechsel der politischen Strömung) non tantum impendere video, quantum tu aut vides aut ad me consolandum affers, Cic.: se quoque ad motus fortunae movere coepit, sich nach den Wendungen (Wechselfällen) des Gl. zu richten, den Mantel nach dem Winde zu hängen, Caes.
    II) mit Rücksicht auf das Woher? A) das Hervortreiben; dah. als t. t. des Gartenbaues = der Trieb, Schuß der Pflanzen (griech. ορμή), tres esse motus in vite, seu potius in surculo, naturales: unum, quo germinet; alterum, quo floreat; tertium, quo maturescat, Colum. 4, 28, 2. – B) der Aufbruch, die Abreise, die Abfahrt, sub Aurorae primos excedere motus, Lucan. 4, 734: motus excepit futuros, Verg. Aen. 4, 297 (vgl. 299). – C) die Umwandlung, κίνησις 1) die politische, die Staatsumwälzung, Veränderung im Staate (griech. τῶν πολιτειῶν κίνησις), concussi orbis motus, Welterschütterung u. Umwälzung, Tac. hist. 1, 16: ut Persarum imperium magno motu (Stoß) concuterent magis quam affligerent, Curt. 4, 14 (54), 20. – 2) die rhetorische, u. zwar meton. = τρόπος, der umgewandte, figürliche Ausdruck, die Redewendung, der Tropus (bei Cicero immutatio verborum, immutata verba), Quint. 8, 5, 35 u. (bes.) 9, 1, 2.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > motus

  • 19 contra

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin. —
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin. —
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra

  • 20 contra dicta

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin. —
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin. —
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra dicta

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